葡萄牙社會黨提出七年入籍折衷方案，以保護黃金簽證投資者
2025年10月17日，葡萄牙社會黨（PS）正式提交了對政府入籍改革法案的修正案，提議建立三級框架：大多數外國人入籍年限為七年，同時保護現有黃金簽證投資者免受追溯性規則變更的影響。
議會憲法事務、權利、自由與保障委員會（CACDLG）已收到這份13頁的立法方案，這是對中右翼政府6月提出的將入籍年限從五年延長至十年計劃的首個具體反提案。
文件強調需保護「我們與歐盟及葡語國家共同體（CPLP）的特殊聯繫」，並避免制定「過度延長入籍時間」的規則。
這些修正案現已進入委員會審議階段，CACDLG成員將進行三輪審議後，方可提交全體會議表決。
由於國籍法屬於憲法規定的「組織法」，該法案需獲得絕對多數支持（230名議員中至少116票贊成）方可通過，正如蒙泰羅所解釋的那樣——這一門檻迫使各黨派必須跨黨協商，無論執政聯盟實力如何。
社會黨修正案將根據申請人的國籍和申請時間設定不同的居留要求。
她稱該方案「比其他版本更加平衡且法律邏輯更連貫」，並指出：「CPLP和歐盟公民仍適用五年，其他外國人則為七年，而非政府提議的十年。」
全面保護現有黃金簽證持有人
根據第5條第3款，現有黃金簽證持有人及申請人將獲得全面保護，該條款明確規定：「原第6條第1款(b)項及第7條所規定的在葡萄牙境內居留期限，適用於法律生效時已持有或已提交居留許可申請的任何人。」
根據葡萄牙融合、移民與庇護局（AIMA）的數據，葡萄牙在2024年共簽發創紀錄的4,987份黃金簽證，較2023年增長72%。
社會黨備忘錄明確表示，其目的是制定「不僅不具追溯效力，還能保護申請人合理預期」的生效與適用規則。
修正案的過渡條款將通過「祖父條款
Current Golden Visa holders and anyone who files for residence authorization before January 1, 2026, would receive full five-year pathway protection.
Those who file after that date without existing residence permits would face the new seven-year timeline for non-CPLP/EU nationals but avoid the government’s proposed decade-long wait.
The first version of the government’s proposal appeared in June, followed by intense debate over its constitutionality, according to Madalena Monteiro, founder of Liberty Legal. The government paused discussions during the summer and returned to the topic in October, she notes.
The PS framed its intervention as necessary to ensure nationality law “continues to be an instrument to value Portuguese citizenship and for the integration of citizens from other countries who have settled in Portugal and intend to become active members of the national community,” according to the party’s explanatory memorandum.
Nationals of Portuguese-speaking countries (CPLP) and European Union member states would qualify for citizenship after “at least five years” of legal residence, while nationals of other countries would face “seven years” under Article 6, Section 1(b) of the proposed text.
The party justifies differentiated treatment by arguing the need to “ensure that the specificity of citizens of the CPLP and the EU have adequate treatment” in law, given “the existence of more intense connections with Portugal,” according to its policy memorandum.
Monteiro characterizes the PS submission as “a good and reasonable proposal” that “keeps predictability for long-term residents and avoids punishing people for delays that are not their fault.”
The transitional provisions would create a grandfathering window extending through December 31, 2026.
Monteiro explains that “the PS amendments include a grandfathering clause, so anyone who already meets the current requirements when the new law enters into force can still apply under the existing five-year rule until December 31, 2026.”
Article 5, Section 2 maintains that “the previous wording of Law No. 37/81 of October 3 applies to people who meet the requirements for attribution and acquisition of nationality provided therein on the date of entry into force of this law and who initiate the respective procedure by December 31, 2026.”
Monteiro adds that “those who already hold or have applied for residence permits will continue counting time under the old regime.”